The European Perspective
German Business Gloom Deepens
Germany’s business outlook has soured unexpectedly, signalling turbulence for Europe’s largest economy. The Ifo Business Climate Index, a key indicator of economic health, slipped to 88.1 in November from 88.4 in October, missing forecasts of a slight rise to 88.5 (Ifo Institute). This downturn is primarily driven by dimmer expectations for the future, with that specific sub-index falling to 90.6 from 91.6. Manufacturing and trade sectors showed notable pessimism, with retailers particularly disappointed by a slow start to the Christmas season. While assessments of the current situation saw a marginal improvement, the prevailing mood is one of skepticism about any near-term recovery. This data suggests persistent headwinds from weak global demand and internal structural issues, challenging hopes for a robust end to the year.
ECB Holds Rates Amid Inflation Vigilance
The European Central Bank (ECB) is holding its key interest rates steady, maintaining a data-dependent approach as it balances inflation against a challenging global economic backdrop. The main refinancing rate remains at 2.15%, with the deposit facility rate at 2.00% (ECB). This decision follows a period of rate cuts that began in June 2024. While officials noted that inflation is near the 2% medium-term target, they remain cautious due to global trade disputes and geopolitical tensions. The ECB has not pre-committed to a future rate path, emphasizing that decisions will be made on a meeting-by-meeting basis, closely watching incoming economic and financial data to ensure price stability.
UK Braces for Austerity Budget
The UK is on edge for its Autumn Budget on November 26, with Chancellor Rachel Reeves expected to unveil a combination of tax hikes and spending cuts to address a fiscal hole estimated between £20 to £40 billion (PwC). Amidst this, UK retailers are urgently calling for business rates reform, highlighting the strain of rising costs and weak consumer confidence. The British Retail Consortium (BRC) has pointed to an estimated £7 billion in additional costs absorbed by the sector from changes in national insurance and the national living wage. The government’s challenge will be to stabilise public finances without stifling investment and economic growth, a difficult balancing act that businesses warn is creating paralyzing uncertainty.
EU Deepens Africa Economic Ties
The EU is advancing its economic partnership with Africa, committing to significant investments under its Global Gateway strategy. At a recent EU-African Union summit, leaders underscored plans to boost economic integration and cooperation on security and migration (ZDF). The EU has already mobilized €120 billion for projects across Africa and is on track to exceed its target of €150 billion by 2027 (European Commission). A new memorandum was signed to connect Europe’s single market with the African Continental Free Trade Area, backed by €25.5 million in funding. This pivot reflects a strategic effort to strengthen value chains, particularly in critical raw materials and clean energy, and counter China’s influence on the continent.
Catch the next Gist for the continent’s moving pieces.
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